CAD 2D – 3D
An English acronym for "Computer-Aided Drafting," which refers to technical drawing assisted by a computer, and "Computer-Aided Design," which refers to computer-assisted design. These are software tools that allow designers to draw with extreme precision. In the paperboard industry, the tolerance margin is around a tenth of a millimeter. The exchange format associated with this software is *.dxf.
Calamaio
From the Greek – καλαμoς – it is an ink container. The printing press also has an ink calamaio. The inked roller from the calamaio is touched by a rotating roller called ‘penna’ (pen), which transmits the ink to the group of rollers called "grinders." The calamaio regulates the flow of color through screws that open or close the blade according to the need in each section of the sheet. In the past, the screw movement was manual by the press operator, today it is motorized and controlled by the computer of the press console.
Camoscio - C – Cb
A type of paper used in the production of corrugated cardboard. It can be "avana" color (C) or white (Cb). It is a paper with low mechanical strength, produced only with recovered pulp.
Campionatura digitale
A term used to indicate prototyping or small production (also pre-series) of packaging or printed paperboard products using digital technology and cut by plotter.
Campione di riferimento
It is obtained in the phase after the manual draft. It has all the characteristics of the finished product except for the exact calibration of the colors. These can be presented with a 90% match through a prototype made digitally.
Canna d’onda
A term that identifies paper that is corrugated and glued, on the peaks, to the covers. Depending on the composition, it takes different names, identified by one or two letters:
Semichimica: ‘S’-‘SS’ is paper produced with at least 65% broadleaf chemical pulp.
Medium: ‘M’ is paper produced with a mix of semichimic pulp and recovered paper.
Fluting: ‘F’ is paper produced with recycled paper.
Canna d’onda scoperta
See canna d’onda. When a sheet of corrugated cardboard lacks the external cover paper and the corrugated core remains visible, this is called exposed corrugated core. If it is a single-wave board, it is called cannetè and is used to protect the product by wrapping it; if it consists of two waves, it is used as regular corrugated cardboard, even for laminating.
Carattere di stampa
This term refers to the set of graphic designs, letters, numbers, and symbols that share a certain style. The main categories (or families) of typefaces are uppercase, serif, sans-serif, and decorative. It is also called a font (from the Latin fundere) because the printing type was originally made by casting lead through the Linotype®, which was the technology used by printing houses. Only with the advent of offset printing systems and the first cold typesetting machines—such as the Varityper and the famous IBM "ball" composer—was it possible to eliminate the harmful lead vapors.
Carta e Cartoncino
Paper is a hygroscopic material made from primarily vegetable fibers, bonded through felting (a phenomenon where cellulose fibers bond in suspension) and dried. This product can also be enriched with adhesives, mineral fillers, dyes, and various additives.
For denominations, formats, and classifications, click here.
Carta, Cartoncino e Cartone senso fibra
The fiber of all these materials corresponds, by convention, to the second measurement indicated in the order (in cm. 70x100 or 100x70). To achieve a perfect fold line, it is essential that the fiber is perpendicular to the folds in publishing (paper) and to the creases (fold guides) in paperboard manufacturing.
Cartone ondulato senso canna
The canna direction of a sheet of corrugated cardboard refers to the direction of the wave, opposite the profile of the corrugation. The choice of canna direction when developing a box is crucial to determine its resistance to crushing (compression). In American boxes, it is important to define it perpendicular to the base so that when closed and stacked on a pallet, they provide maximum resistance.
Cartone ondulato
“Corrugated cardboard is a rigid material consisting of the lamination, using adhesive, of three or more sheets of paper, some of which have been preformed into a corrugated shape.”
— G.I.F.C.O. Monograph on Corrugated Cardboard, May 2000.
Descrizione tecnica
The papers for the surfaces are called covers (external and internal), the corrugated papers are called ondulazioni, and those that connect the corrugated papers are referred to as sheetboards.
Two covers and one corrugation form single-wave corrugated board (A-C-B-E).
Two covers with two corrugations connected by a sheet form double-wave or triple corrugated boards (AB-AC-BC-EB-EE-EF).
Two covers with three corrugations and two sheetboards form three-wave corrugated board, known as triple wave.
Cartone ondulato sigla delle carte
Abbreviations to identify the covers:
K – kraftliner: Brown paper with high mechanical strength, produced from conifer chemical pulp and up to 20% broadleaf pulp. It is imported; no national paper is Kraft.
Kb: The same as white.
L – liner: Brown paper with good mechanical properties, produced in Italy in one or more layers of fiber material.
Lb: The same as white.
T – test: Brown paper with characteristics similar to L.
Tb: The same as white.
C – camoscio: Brown paper with low resistance, produced only from recycled pulp.
Cb: The same as white.
Abbreviations to identify the Waves:
S – semichimica: Paper with high mechanical strength, with at least 65% broadleaf pulp.
SS – semichimica: Billerud paper – it comes from Scandinavia and is the best.
M – medium: Paper with good characteristics, made from recovered paper and semichimic pulp.
F – fluting: Paper with acceptable properties, produced only from recovered paper.
Cartotecnica
It is an industrial sector that includes a wide variety of products made from paper and cardboard, but not only. For this reason, Assografici [Industry Association] has decided to divide the members into about ten "sub-categories," each with its own characteristics and needs.
Casemaker
A machine for the automatic production of American cases, which includes all the necessary working stages to obtain a 'finished' product: Flexo printing – Slotting – Gluing and/or Sewing – Bundling. See slotter.
Caucciù
A rubberized sheet wrapped around the printing cylinder of an offset press. It receives the inked graphics from the plate and retransmits them to the sheet.
Cavaliere – Cavallotto – Cravatta
Carton with a central crease and optional European hole, used both to close plastic bags and to hang them on displays.
Centratura
The text or other graphic design is centered horizontally and vertically on the page or on the central axis of the justification or in the space between creases.
Centro di costo
Scatolificio Udinese is divided into cost centers. This means we have set up analytical accounting (called industrial accounting), which allows us to assign specific costs to each department, machine, process, and person to determine how many and which economic-financial resources each 'center' absorbs. In simpler terms, it means knowing how much we 'cost,' which allows us to calculate the selling price of our products with accuracy.
Cianografica
A 1:1 scale digital print that allows for checking texts and images before starting production. It is not suitable for color comparison with the originals and machine printing results. It used to be called cianografica when referring to photographic development obtained using heliographic equipment on paper sensitive to ammonia vapors. The chemical combination produced the typical blue color, which gave it its name.
Cliché
A relief matrix made from a copper or zinc plate. When used for printing, it is covered with a photosensitive gelatin that is placed in contact with the original to be imprinted. The cliché is also used in die-cutting and allows for both low and high relief, and when combined with metallic foil, it enables thermographic printing.
CMYK
An acronym for quadricromia. C: Cyan – M: Magenta – Y: Yellow – K: Black.
Coda di rondine o Non ritorno
A particular shape of the closing flaps of boxes that allows for interlocking with side tabs to prevent reopening after the product is inserted.
Colla a caldo (hot melt)
An adhesive in granules or blocks that, when melted at 160-180°C, is transferred to the bonding points with specialized equipment. There are different types of hot melt glue depending on the materials or drying times.
Colla a freddo (vinilica)
A water-based vinyl adhesive used for laminating and standard box gluing.
Collarino
A die-cut band to be applied around the neck of bottles.
Colore Primario
A color that cannot be obtained by mixing other colors from the chromatic range of the solar spectrum. The primary colors are Cyan – Magenta – Yellow, with Black added for the creation of the CMYK color model.
Colore Pantone
See Pantone.
COMIECO (source: www.comieco.org)
Founded in 1985 as an association of a group of paper companies. Since 1997, it has been the National Consortium for the Recovery and Recycling of Cellulose-Based Packaging. It ensures that valuable materials like paper, cardboard, and paperboard are recycled and transformed into other cellulose-based products. Today, packaging is made with about 80% recycled paper.
CONAI (source: www.conai.org)
The National Consortium for Packaging, which guarantees the recovery and recycling of packaging materials such as steel, aluminum, paper, wood, plastic, and glass across the entire national territory.
Controstampa
A mark or stain left by ink, not yet dry, during production on the verso of the sheet following it, exiting the printing press.
Cordonatura, Cordone (filetto), Contro cordone (scanalatura)
In die-cutting, cordonatura refers to the compression of fibers (whether paper or cardboard) or the canna d’onda (corrugated cardboard) on the sheet machine through cordonator fillets. This procedure creates a weakening of the material at necessary points, making it easier to fold without cracking the surface. The precision and depth required are obtained through the simultaneous action of a cordon (male fillet) in the die-cut and a counter-cordon (female groove) fixed in the die-cutting machine's bed or a plate/matrix. The optimal fold result is assured when the crease line is perpendicular to the fiber or canna.
Cordonatura di testa
Creases perpendicular to the canna direction, representing the height of the American box, which are made by the corrugator during the construction phase of the corrugated cardboard sheets.
Corpo
A typographic term referring to the height of the characters.
Crociera
A divider or honeycomb with four compartments. It can be made with the (L x P x H) measurements
